Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Enhance Children’s Mental Health in the Digital Era: A Narrative Review

Understanding Emerging Challenges and Effective Strategies for Child Well-Being

Abstract

Background: The mental health of school-aged children and adolescents is increasingly vulnerable in the digital era due to exposure to technology, academic demands, and changes in social interactions. Increased anxiety, stress, and depression are increasingly reported, exacerbated by excessive device use, which can lead to sleep disturbances, emotional exhaustion, and the risk of digital addiction. This situation demands effective, safe, and accessible non-pharmacological interventions to support the mental well-being of young people. Purpose: This study aims to identify and synthesize non-pharmacological interventions that effectively improve the mental health of children and adolescents in the digital era.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted through literature searches in ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals using keywords related to mental health and digital-based interventions. Of the 4,014 articles initially identified, six met the inclusion criteria and passed the quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Results: Six effective non-pharmacological interventions were identified: mindfulness-based art therapy, web-based interactive learning, the REAP digital physical activity program, combined aerobic exercise and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), peer education, and internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT). These interventions enhanced emotional regulation, resilience, and sleep quality while reducing anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion: Technology-based non-pharmacological interventions are relevant for implementation in schools, families, and healthcare services, and hold strong potential as strategic approaches to strengthening the mental health of children and adolescents in the digital landscape.