Main Article Content

Abstract

Introduction: Various skin and venereal diseases have been linked to HIV infection. This disease can be specifically related to HIV, but it can also be a common disease but with more severe manifestations and more difficult to treat. Objective: To determine the characteristics of skin and venereal diseases in patients with HIV infection at the Buleleng Regional General Hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional study approach carried out in the period May 2023 to July 2023. The diagnosis of HIV infection was proven by laboratory examination, meanwhile the diagnosis of the disease skin and genitalia are confirmed clinically by a skin and genital specialist, and if necessary, supporting examinations are carried out. Results: There were 28 HIV patients with complaints of skin and venereal diseases. The number of male patients compared to female is 2.1:1 with a predominance in the age group 31-40 years. Most of the patients are at stage 4 and the most common route of transmission is through free sex and homosexuality. There were 49 diagnoses in the field of skin and genitals from the 28 patients examined. The characteristics of skin and venereal diseases in patients were 57.1% diagnosed with infectious diseases, the rest were non-infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infectious diseases include bacterial infections (syphilis, ecthyma, granuloma inguinale, bartholinitis and impetigo crustosa), viral infections (herpes zoster, condyloma acuminata, molluscum contagiosum and herpes labialis) and fungal infections (oroesophageal candidiasis, oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis). Meanwhile, non-infectious cases consist of seborrheic dermatitis, papular pruritic eruption and drug eruption.

Keywords

HIV Skin and Veneral Disease HIV Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin

Article Details

How to Cite
Supradnyan, I. K. H., Wijaya, I. M. K., & Wibawa, K. S. (2024). Characteristics of Skin and Venereal Diseases on Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Buleleng General Hospital: Characteristics Of Skin And Venereal Diseases In Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection At Buleleng General Hospital. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistic, 8(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.33377/jkh.v8i1.190

References

  1. Afriana, N., Luhukay, L., Mulyani, P. S., Irmawati, Romauli, Pratono, Dewi, S. D., Budiarty, T. I., Hasby, R., Trisari, R., Hermana, Anggiani, D. S., Asmi, A. L., Lamanepa, E., Elittasari, C., Muzdalifah, E., Praptoraharjo, I., Theresia Puspoarum, & Devika. (2022). Laporan Tahunan HIV AIDS 2022 Kemenkes. 1–91. http://p2p.kemkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/FINAL_6072023_Layout_HIVAIDS-1.pdf
  2. Akiyama, H., & Gummuluru, S. (2020). HIV-1 Persistence and Chronic Induction of Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages. Viruses, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070711
  3. Ambe, N. F., Longdoh, N. A., Tebid, P., Bobga, T. P., Nkfusai, C. N., Ngwa, S. B., Nsai, F. S., & Cumber, S. N. (2020). The prevalence, risk factors and antifungal sensitivity pattern of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Kumba District Hospital, South West Region, Cameroon. The Pan African Medical Journal, 36, 23. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.36.23.18202
  4. Arifin, B., Rokhman, M. R., Zulkarnain, Z., Perwitasari, D. A., Mangau, M., Rauf, S., Noor, R., Padmawati, R. S., Massi, M. N., Schans, J. van der, & Postma, M. J. (2023). The knowledge mapping of HIV/AIDS in Indonesians living on six major islands using the Indonesian version of the HIV-KQ-18 instrument. PloS One, 18(11), e0293876. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293876
  5. Astuti, L., & Komala, O. N. (2023). Manifestasi Lesi Yang Sangat Terkait Dengan Hiv/Aids Pada Jaringan Periodontal. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Trisakti, 8(2), 337–344. https://doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v8i2.15895
  6. Bellavista, S., D’Antuono, A., Infusino, S. D., Trimarco, R., & Patrizi, A. (2013). Pruritic papular eruption in HIV: a case successfully treated with NB-UVB. Dermatologic Therapy, 26(2), 173–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2013.01545.x
  7. Belzer, A., Ramachandran, V., Meehan, S. A., Pomeranz, M. K., & Matatova, M. (2023). A rare case of pruritic papular eruption of human immunodeficiency virus in a patient without a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. JAAD Case Reports, 32, 23–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.021
  8. Chelidze, K., Thomas, C., Chang, A. Y., & Freeman, E. E. (2019). HIV-Related Skin Disease in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Recognition and Management. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-019-00422-0
  9. Chopra, D., Kumari, S., Kundal, R. K., Bahl, R. K., Aggarwal, S., Singh, H., & Bansal, S. (2018). A study of clinicopathological correlation of pruritic papular eruptions in HIV patients. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 39(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_10_17
  10. Citra, B. D., & Masri, R. (2020). Stevens Johnson Syndrome Pada Pasien Hiv. Human Care Journal, 5(2), 545. https://doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v5i2.764
  11. Cummins, N. W. (2022). Metabolic Complications of Chronic HIV Infection: A Narrative Review. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020197
  12. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. (2022). Bali Raih Juara 1 Penanggulangan HIV Aids. https://kpa.baliprov.go.id/
  13. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. (2023). Bali Bebas HIV 2030. https://diskes.baliprov.go.id/bali-terbebas-hiv-aids-2030/
  14. Dorcé-Medard DO, J., Okobi Md, O. E., Grieb DO, J., Saunders DO, N., & Harberger Md, S. (2021). HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the LGBTQ Community: A Review of Practice and Places. Cureus, 13(6), e15518. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15518
  15. Ekpe, O., Onunu, A. N., Forae, G. D., & Okwara, B. (2020). Clinicopathological Features of Pruritic Papular Eruption of HIV Patients seen in Benin-City, Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine, 37(1), 53–57.
  16. Esser, S., & Sammet, S. (2021). HIV medicine for dermatologists and venereologists. Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology?: JDDG, 19(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14373
  17. Fauk, N. K., Merry, M. S., Sigilipoe, M. A., Putra, S., & Mwanri, L. (2017). Culture, social networks and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0178736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178736
  18. Gao, Z., Zeng, X., Hu, L., Huang, S., Li, Y., & Du, X. (2022). Papular pruritic eruption in HIV-infected patient: Clinical presentation and noninvasive findings. In Skin research and technology?: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) (Vol. 28, Issue 5, pp. 759–761). https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.13191
  19. Gayatri, L., & Barakbah, J. (2005). Dermatitis Seboroik pada HIV / AIDS ( Seborrheic Dermatitis in HIV / AIDS ). Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Dan Kelamin, 23(318), 229–233.
  20. Hessou, P. H. S., Glele-Ahanhanzo, Y., Adekpedjou, R., Ahouada, C., Johnson, R. C., Boko, M., Zomahoun, H. T. V., & Alary, M. (2019). Comparison of the prevalence rates of HIV infection between men who have sex with men (MSM) and men in the general population in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1634. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8000-x
  21. Johnston, L. G., Soe, P., Widihastuti, A. S., Camellia, A., Putri, T. A., Rakhmat, F. F., Nurwandani, R. A., Prabhu, S. M., Sulaiman, N., & Pronyk, P. M. (2021). Alarmingly High HIV Prevalence Among Adolescent and Young Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Urban Indonesia. AIDS and Behavior, 25(11), 3687–3694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03347-0
  22. Karadag, A. S., Elmas, Ö. F., & Altunay, ?. K. (2020). Cutaneous manifestations associated with HIV infections: A great imitator. Clinics in Dermatology, 38(2), 160–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.001
  23. Katadata. (2022). Indonesia Pengidap HIV Terbanyak di Asia Tenggara. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/09/22/indonesia-punya-pengidap-hiv-terbanyak-di-asia-tenggara
  24. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2023). HIV di Indonesia Didominasi Ibu Rumah Tangga. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20230508/5742944/kasus-hiv-dan-sifilis-meningkat-penularan-didominasi-ibu-rumah-tangga/
  25. Ku, H.-C., Tsai, Y.-T., Konara-Mudiyanselage, S.-P., Wu, Y.-L., Yu, T., & Ko, N.-Y. (2021). Incidence of Herpes Zoster in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112300
  26. Mahlangeni, G. M., Tod, B. M., Jordaan, H. F., & Schneider, J. W. (2021). Clinicopathological Features of Seborrheic-Like Dermatitis in HIV-Infected Adults: A Single Institutional Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 43(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000001670
  27. Marques, S. A., & Abbade, L. P. F. (2020). Severe bacterial skin infections. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 95(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2020.04.003
  28. Maurer, T. (2008). CHAPTER 22 - Global HIV and Dermatology (P. A. Volberding, M. A. Sande, W. C. Greene, J. M. A. Lange, J. E. Gallant, & C. C. B. T.-G. H. M. Walsh (eds.); pp. 237–250). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-2882-6.50026-5
  29. Merati, T. P., Karyana, M., Tjitra, E., Kosasih, H., Aman, A. T., Alisjahbana, B., Lokida, D., Arlinda, D., Maldarelli, F., Neal, A., Arif, M., Gasem, M. H., Lukman, N., Sudarmono, P., Lau, C.-Y., Hadi, U., Lisdawati, V., Wulan, W. N., Lane, H. C., & Siddiqui, S. (2021). Prevalence of HIV Infection and Resistance Mutations in Patients Hospitalized for Febrile Illness in Indonesia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 105(4), 960–965. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1595
  30. Mohraz, M., Aghakhani, A., Moayedi-Nia, S., Banifazl, M., Janbakhsh, A., Mamishi, S., Karami, A., Bavand, A., Mirzapour, P., & Ramezani, A. (2018). No Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Infection on HIV Progression in Naïve HIV Patients. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 22(2), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.22034/ibj.22.2.123
  31. Mohseni Afshar, Z., Goodarzi, A., Emadi, S. N., Miladi, R., Shakoei, S., Janbakhsh, A., Aryanian, Z., & Hatami, P. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management. International Journal of Microbiology, 2023, 6203193. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6203193
  32. Nicolás, D., Suárez, A., Ambrosioni, J., Manzardo, C., Ligero, C., Costa, J., Fernández, E., Marcos, M. Á., Plana, M., Mosquera, M. M., Sánchez-Palomino, S., Gatell, J. M., & Miró, J. M. (2019). Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome of severe primary HIV-1 infection: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases?: IJID?: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 88, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.001
  33. Pemkab Buleleng. (2020). Poli VCT di Kabupaten Buleleng. https://bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/bank_data/kir-ruangan-poliklinik-vct-rsud-kab-buleleng-19
  34. Pramana, H., Salim, E. M., Hudari, H., & Bahar, E. (2021). Korelasi Interleukin-10 Serum dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien HIV-AIDS di Rumah Sakit Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Sriwijaya Journal of Medicine, 4(3), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.32539/sjm.v4i3.138
  35. Prianggandanni, M. A. V., Lestari, A. A. W., Wande, I. N., Mahartini, N. N., & Herawati, S. (2023). Correlation between T-lymphocyte CD4+ and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC), hemoglobin, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and T-lymphocyte CD4+/CD8+ ratioin HIV patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 12(2), 2017–2021. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4342
  36. Pudney, J., Wangu, Z., Panther, L., Fugelso, D., Marathe, J. G., Sagar, M., Politch, J. A., & Anderson, D. J. (2019). Condylomata Acuminata (Anogenital Warts) Contain Accumulations of HIV-1 Target Cells That May Provide Portals for HIV Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 219(2), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy505
  37. Seng, R., Mutuon, P., Riou, J., Duvivier, C., Weiss, L., Lelievre, J. D., Meyer, L., Vittecoq, D., Zak Dit Zbar, O., Frenkiel, J., Frank-Soltysiak, M., Boue, F., Rapp, C., Sobel, A., Brucker, G., Goujard, C., & Salmon, D. (2018). Hospitalization of HIV positive patients: Significant demand affecting all hospital sectors. Revue d’epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 66(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2017.08.002
  38. Shikur, F., Yeung, H., Amogne, W., & Weller, R. (2021). Pattern of skin disease in Ethiopian HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in a dermatology referral hospital. Skin Health and Disease, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/ski2.28
  39. Suryana, K., Suharsono, H., & Antara, I. G. P. J. (2020). Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 12, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S236304
  40. Taverne-Ghadwal, L., Kuhns, M., Buhl, T., Schulze, M. H., Mbaitolum, W. J., Kersch, L., Weig, M., Bader, O., & Groß, U. (2022). Epidemiology and Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in HIV Patients From Chad in the Post-HAART Era. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 844069. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.844069
  41. van der Heijden, W. A., Van de Wijer, L., Keramati, F., Trypsteen, W., Rutsaert, S., Horst, R. Ter, Jaeger, M., Koenen, H. J., Stunnenberg, H. G., Joosten, I., Verweij, P. E., van Lunzen, J., Dinarello, C. A., Joosten, L. A., Vandekerckhove, L., Netea, M. G., van der Ven, A. J., & de Mast, Q. (2021). Chronic HIV infection induces transcriptional and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. JCI Insight, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.145928
  42. Wahyuni, C. (2022). Health Education Analysis of Triple Elimination of Hiv, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B Towards Interest in Screening of Pregnant Women. Journal for Quality in Women’s Health, 5(2), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.30994/jqwh.v5i2.169
  43. Wang, Y., & Wen, Y. (2021). An AIDS Patient with Recurrent Multiple Skin Crusted Ulcerations. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 37(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2020.0212
  44. WHO. (2023). HIV & AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids