Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Various skin and venereal diseases have been linked to HIV infection. This disease can be specifically related to HIV, but it can also be a common disease but with more severe manifestations and more difficult to treat. Objective: To determine the characteristics of skin and venereal diseases in patients with HIV infection at the Buleleng Regional General Hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional study approach carried out in the period May 2023 to July 2023. The diagnosis of HIV infection was proven by laboratory examination, meanwhile the diagnosis of the disease skin and genitalia are confirmed clinically by a skin and genital specialist, and if necessary, supporting examinations are carried out. Results: There were 28 HIV patients with complaints of skin and venereal diseases. The number of male patients compared to female is 2.1:1 with a predominance in the age group 31-40 years. Most of the patients are at stage 4 and the most common route of transmission is through free sex and homosexuality. There were 49 diagnoses in the field of skin and genitals from the 28 patients examined. The characteristics of skin and venereal diseases in patients were 57.1% diagnosed with infectious diseases, the rest were non-infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infectious diseases include bacterial infections (syphilis, ecthyma, granuloma inguinale, bartholinitis and impetigo crustosa), viral infections (herpes zoster, condyloma acuminata, molluscum contagiosum and herpes labialis) and fungal infections (oroesophageal candidiasis, oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis). Meanwhile, non-infectious cases consist of seborrheic dermatitis, papular pruritic eruption and drug eruption.
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Article Details
References
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References
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Akiyama, H., & Gummuluru, S. (2020). HIV-1 Persistence and Chronic Induction of Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages. Viruses, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070711
Ambe, N. F., Longdoh, N. A., Tebid, P., Bobga, T. P., Nkfusai, C. N., Ngwa, S. B., Nsai, F. S., & Cumber, S. N. (2020). The prevalence, risk factors and antifungal sensitivity pattern of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Kumba District Hospital, South West Region, Cameroon. The Pan African Medical Journal, 36, 23. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.36.23.18202
Arifin, B., Rokhman, M. R., Zulkarnain, Z., Perwitasari, D. A., Mangau, M., Rauf, S., Noor, R., Padmawati, R. S., Massi, M. N., Schans, J. van der, & Postma, M. J. (2023). The knowledge mapping of HIV/AIDS in Indonesians living on six major islands using the Indonesian version of the HIV-KQ-18 instrument. PloS One, 18(11), e0293876. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293876
Astuti, L., & Komala, O. N. (2023). Manifestasi Lesi Yang Sangat Terkait Dengan Hiv/Aids Pada Jaringan Periodontal. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Trisakti, 8(2), 337–344. https://doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v8i2.15895
Bellavista, S., D’Antuono, A., Infusino, S. D., Trimarco, R., & Patrizi, A. (2013). Pruritic papular eruption in HIV: a case successfully treated with NB-UVB. Dermatologic Therapy, 26(2), 173–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2013.01545.x
Belzer, A., Ramachandran, V., Meehan, S. A., Pomeranz, M. K., & Matatova, M. (2023). A rare case of pruritic papular eruption of human immunodeficiency virus in a patient without a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. JAAD Case Reports, 32, 23–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.021
Chelidze, K., Thomas, C., Chang, A. Y., & Freeman, E. E. (2019). HIV-Related Skin Disease in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Recognition and Management. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-019-00422-0
Chopra, D., Kumari, S., Kundal, R. K., Bahl, R. K., Aggarwal, S., Singh, H., & Bansal, S. (2018). A study of clinicopathological correlation of pruritic papular eruptions in HIV patients. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 39(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_10_17
Citra, B. D., & Masri, R. (2020). Stevens Johnson Syndrome Pada Pasien Hiv. Human Care Journal, 5(2), 545. https://doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v5i2.764
Cummins, N. W. (2022). Metabolic Complications of Chronic HIV Infection: A Narrative Review. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020197
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. (2022). Bali Raih Juara 1 Penanggulangan HIV Aids. https://kpa.baliprov.go.id/
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. (2023). Bali Bebas HIV 2030. https://diskes.baliprov.go.id/bali-terbebas-hiv-aids-2030/
Dorcé-Medard DO, J., Okobi Md, O. E., Grieb DO, J., Saunders DO, N., & Harberger Md, S. (2021). HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the LGBTQ Community: A Review of Practice and Places. Cureus, 13(6), e15518. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15518
Ekpe, O., Onunu, A. N., Forae, G. D., & Okwara, B. (2020). Clinicopathological Features of Pruritic Papular Eruption of HIV Patients seen in Benin-City, Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine, 37(1), 53–57.
Esser, S., & Sammet, S. (2021). HIV medicine for dermatologists and venereologists. Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology?: JDDG, 19(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14373
Fauk, N. K., Merry, M. S., Sigilipoe, M. A., Putra, S., & Mwanri, L. (2017). Culture, social networks and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0178736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178736
Gao, Z., Zeng, X., Hu, L., Huang, S., Li, Y., & Du, X. (2022). Papular pruritic eruption in HIV-infected patient: Clinical presentation and noninvasive findings. In Skin research and technology?: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) (Vol. 28, Issue 5, pp. 759–761). https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.13191
Gayatri, L., & Barakbah, J. (2005). Dermatitis Seboroik pada HIV / AIDS ( Seborrheic Dermatitis in HIV / AIDS ). Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Dan Kelamin, 23(318), 229–233.
Hessou, P. H. S., Glele-Ahanhanzo, Y., Adekpedjou, R., Ahouada, C., Johnson, R. C., Boko, M., Zomahoun, H. T. V., & Alary, M. (2019). Comparison of the prevalence rates of HIV infection between men who have sex with men (MSM) and men in the general population in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1634. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8000-x
Johnston, L. G., Soe, P., Widihastuti, A. S., Camellia, A., Putri, T. A., Rakhmat, F. F., Nurwandani, R. A., Prabhu, S. M., Sulaiman, N., & Pronyk, P. M. (2021). Alarmingly High HIV Prevalence Among Adolescent and Young Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Urban Indonesia. AIDS and Behavior, 25(11), 3687–3694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03347-0
Karadag, A. S., Elmas, Ö. F., & Altunay, ?. K. (2020). Cutaneous manifestations associated with HIV infections: A great imitator. Clinics in Dermatology, 38(2), 160–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.001
Katadata. (2022). Indonesia Pengidap HIV Terbanyak di Asia Tenggara. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/09/22/indonesia-punya-pengidap-hiv-terbanyak-di-asia-tenggara
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2023). HIV di Indonesia Didominasi Ibu Rumah Tangga. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20230508/5742944/kasus-hiv-dan-sifilis-meningkat-penularan-didominasi-ibu-rumah-tangga/
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Mahlangeni, G. M., Tod, B. M., Jordaan, H. F., & Schneider, J. W. (2021). Clinicopathological Features of Seborrheic-Like Dermatitis in HIV-Infected Adults: A Single Institutional Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 43(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000001670
Marques, S. A., & Abbade, L. P. F. (2020). Severe bacterial skin infections. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 95(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2020.04.003
Maurer, T. (2008). CHAPTER 22 - Global HIV and Dermatology (P. A. Volberding, M. A. Sande, W. C. Greene, J. M. A. Lange, J. E. Gallant, & C. C. B. T.-G. H. M. Walsh (eds.); pp. 237–250). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-2882-6.50026-5
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